C++ Function Overloading: Rules, Ambiguity Resolution & Name Mangling

Function Overloading is a feature of C++ where two or more functions can share the exact same name, provided their parameter lists (number, types, or order of arguments) are distinctly different. This is a primary form of Compile-Time (Static) Polymorphism.

Example: Overloaded Math Functions

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

double add(double a, double b) {
    return a + b;
}

std::string add(const std::string& a, const std::string& b) {
    return a + b;
}

int main() {
    std::cout << "Integers: " << add(10, 20) << "\n";                 // Calls add(int, int) -> 30
    std::cout << "Doubles:  " << add(4.5, 2.5) << "\n";               // Calls add(double, double) -> 7.0
    std::cout << "Strings:  " << add("Hello ", "Veewom") << "\n";     // Calls add(string, string) -> Hello Veewom
    return 0;
}