C++ STL Algorithms: Mastering std::sort, Search, Transform & Reductions

The <algorithm> and <numeric> headers offer over 100 highly optimized algorithms for data manipulation. Professional C++ developers adhere to the principle: "Know your algorithms and avoid writing manual raw loops."

Core Algorithms in Action

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> data = {45, 12, 85, 32, 89, 39, 69, 44};

    // 1. Sort in ascending order: O(N log N)
    std::sort(data.begin(), data.end());

    // 2. Binary search: O(log N)
    bool found = std::binary_search(data.begin(), data.end(), 69);
    std::cout << "69 found: " << std::boolalpha << found << "\n";

    // 3. Accumulate sum: O(N)
    int total = std::accumulate(data.begin(), data.end(), 0);
    std::cout << "Total Sum: " << total << "\n";

    // 4. Transform: Square every number
    std::vector<int> squared(data.size());
    std::transform(data.begin(), data.end(), squared.begin(), [](int n) {
        return n * n;
    });

    return 0;
}